Zero Knowledge Proofs
Zero Knowledge Proofs are algorithms that allow two parties to confirm a specific piece of information but without the grantor in the process disclosing any additional information.
For example, when you visit a bar in the United States, you need to be 21 to order a drink. When you show your driver’s license to the bartender, he can see not only whether you’re of legal age—but your actual age, name, home address and other information. If this process used a zero knowledge proof, you’d be able to prove that you’re over 21 but not share any other information.